Overview of fire prevention in the hottest small c

The review committee of fire prevention standards for small chemical enterprises is a random selection of six experts from the Jinan standard assessment expert base according to national regulations.

along with it, it shows that the problem of instrument box is affecting the development of social economy, and the social division of labor is becoming more and more refined. In the late 1990s, many private small chemical enterprises with high scientific and technological content, small output and harsh production processes suddenly emerged. These enterprises have made contributions to local economic construction, However, the raw materials, intermediates and even products used in the production of these enterprises are almost flammable, explosive, strongly corrosive and highly toxic substances, and most of the production is completed under high temperature, high pressure, high speed, corrosion and other harsh conditions, with many disaster factors. However, the production workers have poor awareness of safety management and inadequate effective preventive measures, once a fire and explosion accident occurs. It is very easy to cause heavy casualties, economic losses and political consequences. This situation has now become one of the important objects of the fire department and the whole society. Therefore, it is an important content of the current fire safety work to carefully analyze the characteristics, existing problems and causes of fire accidents in small chemical enterprises, actively implement fire prevention measures, control the occurrence of fire accidents, and reduce the loss of fire accidents

I. characteristics of fire accidents

1. It is easy to cause heavy casualties and property damage. As the chemical raw materials and chemical products produced, processed and stored by private small chemical enterprises are highly flammable, explosive, corrosive and toxic, once a fire or leakage accident occurs, it is often accompanied by explosion, re ignition and re explosion, three-dimensional, large-area, multi ignition and other forms of combustion. It will not only lead to production stoppage and equipment damage, but also easily cause heavy casualties and property damage

2. It is easy to cause large environmental pollution. The raw materials used in private small-scale chemical production, the products, intermediates, by-products and impurities in them, as well as the "three wastes" emissions in production are industrial poisons, which are toxic and corrosive. Once leaked into the atmosphere or discharged into rivers, it is easy to cause a large number of casualties and pollution of air and water resources, with long-lasting impact and great difficulty in governance. It makes it difficult for the fire department to deal with such accidents

3. It is difficult to put out fire and rescue, which is easy to cause casualties of rescue personnel. Generally speaking, the scene of chemical safety accidents is very complex, often accompanied by combustion and explosion, and the fire spreads violently. In case of toxic gas, it will seriously threaten the safety of fire-fighting and rescue personnel. Corrosive substances will burn the skin of rescuers and fire-fighting and rescue equipment. The collapse of buildings will cause serious consequences such as casualties of rescue workers. All these will bring great difficulties to the fire fighting and rescue work

II. Existing problems

1. Incomplete fire audit and acceptance procedures. Most of the small chemical enterprises are government funded enterprises, and the legal consciousness of enterprise operators is relatively weak and arbitrary. The new, reconstruction and expansion of dangerous goods workshops, warehouses or other supporting facilities at will in the plant area do not take the initiative to apply for fire administrative approval procedures, resulting in a large number of small chemical enterprises that do not meet the current fire technical specifications. Leaving a congenital fire hazard

2. The production plant fails to meet the requirements. For example, short-term investment in renting abandoned workshops for production, failure to design the structure and layout of workshops according to the needs of chemical process flow and relevant national specifications, and congenital fire hazards exist in fire separation, ventilation, leakage prevention, explosion-proof pressure relief, fire-fighting facilities, etc

3. Fire fighting infrastructure is imperfect. Most small chemical enterprises have no fire-fighting equipment, indoor and outdoor fire-fighting water supply systems and other fire-fighting infrastructure at all. Although some enterprises have set up water supply systems, due to the remote location of the plant, the municipal water supply pipe is not covered or the pressure can not meet the needs of fire fighting water at all

4. The idea of enterprise legal person valuing efficiency over safety is serious. The fire safety awareness of enterprise legal persons is weak and the management system is not in place. As long as there is no fire accident, most of the responsible persons will show an attitude of disapproval, or emphasize the reasons and do not rectify the hidden dangers, or passively rectify and do not complete

5. Fire safety management is not implemented. Small chemical enterprises are mostly self-employed, lack of perfect fire-fighting organizations and professional management personnel, resulting in no interest in fire safety management and widespread management confusion. In order to maximize economic benefits, most enterprises reduce personnel and capital investment in fire safety management, often one person holds several positions, and even some owners act as both bosses and fire safety managers, resulting in the failure to implement fire safety management at all

6. Employees have not received fire safety training. Small chemical enterprises are mostly self-employed, and their employees are highly mobile and cannot be relatively fixed. Therefore, many employees fail to receive fire safety training in time, do not understand the characteristics of purposeful materials for timely feedback, timely communication and rapid elimination of problems, and are not familiar with operating procedures and precautions. They rush to work and operate, which is very likely to cause accidents due to illegal operations. 10 Experimental report: the experimental report can be programmed and printed according to the pattern of users' needs, and after the accident, they do not know the use of fire-fighting equipment, fire fighting methods and escape methods, which is very easy to form a situation that small fires lead to major disasters